Who will become my co-residents? The role of attractiveness of institutional care in the changing demand for long-term care institutions

BackgroundIn several OECD countries the percentage of people over 80 in LTC institutions has been declining for more than a decade, despite population ageing. The standard model to explain healthcare utilization, the Andersen model, cannot explain this trend. We extend the Andersen model by including proxies for the relative attractiveness of community living compared to institutional care. Using longitudinal data on long-term care use in the Netherlands from 1996 to 2012, we examine to what extent a decline in institutional care is associated with changes in perceived attractiveness of institutional LTC care compared to community living.MethodsWith a Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition regression, we decomposed the difference in admission to LTC institutions between the period 1996–1999 and 2009–2012 into a part that accounts for differences in predictors of the Andersen model and an “unexplained” part, and investigate whether the perceived attractiveness of institutional care reduces the size of the unexplained part.ResultsWe find that factors related to the perceived attractiveness of institutional care compared to community living explains 12.8% of the unexplained negative time trend in admission rates over the total period (1996–2012), and 19.1–19.2% over shorter time frames.DiscussionOur results show that changes in the perceived attractiveness of institutional LTC may explain part of the decline in demand for institutional care. Our findings imply that policies to encourage community living may have a self-reinforcing effect.     

浅谈3D打印技术在复杂创伤骨科教学中的应用

目的对于复杂创伤骨科教学工作中应用3D打印技术的应用价值进行探讨。方法选取2018年1月-2019年1月本科学生60名作为此次研究对象,根据随机数字表法对所选60名学生加以分组,其中30名学生接受传统教学方案,将其作为对照组,剩余30名学生接受3D打印技术教学,将其作为研究组,对比两组学生接受不同教学方案之后的教学成绩。结果除专业兴趣程度外,两组学生接受不同教学方案之后的自我认知能力以及出科考试成绩对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对复杂创伤骨科教学工作中应用3D打印技术效果理想,能够帮助教学工作顺利完成,显著提高学生动作操作能力,使学生良好的掌握复杂创伤骨科知识。     

Human urinary kallidinogenase in treating acute ischemic stroke patients: analyses of pooled data from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase IIb and phase III clinical trial

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Intravenous thrombolysis and thrombectomy are recommended for patients whose stroke onsets are within first 6 h, and very few options are available for patients whose stroke onset is more than 6 h, which includes most ischemic stroke patients. Human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) showed potential clinical benefits in acute ischemic stroke patients. This study aims to investigate the safety and clinical benefits of HUK in ischemic stroke patients.

Patients and methods: Patients were recruited for a multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II b and phase III trial. Neurophysiological outcomes were assessed by the European Stroke Scale (ESS) and the functional outcomes were assessed by the activity of daily living scale (ADL). Safety was monitored by recording adverse events.

Results: The improvements in ESS scores and ADL scores in the HUK group were significantly greater than that in patients receiving placebo. Furthermore, HUK treatment was also associated with a lower rate of disable, according to ADL. HUK-related adverse events occurred at a low rate, in 1.73% of HUK-treated patients.

Conclusion: HUK is safe and provides potential clinical benefits as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Further large post-marketing observational studies are needed.     

贵州省临床护理人员创新能力现状及影响因素分析

目的调查贵州省临床护理人员创新能力现状并分析其影响因素,为护理管理者评价和培养护理人员的创新能力提供理论依据。方法采取横断面调查方法,2019年4月按照分层随机抽样法从贵州省内共抽取三级医院24所、二级医院50所、一级医院60所进行调查,每所医院按比例随机抽取临床护理人员共5161名进行调查。利用问卷星软件进行编制电子问卷并生成微信链接及二维码,以网络形式进行调查。共接收问卷5161份,有效问卷5145份,有效回收率为99.69%。利用Excel软件建立原始数据库,应用SPSS 18.0软件进行分析,采用多重线性回归分析进行影响因素分析。结果贵州省5145名临床护理人员创新能力总分为(129.63±24.30)分,处于中等水平。单因素分析结果显示,不同医院等级、所在科室、年龄、工作年限、婚姻状况、文化程度、职称、职务、月收入、对目前工作的满意程度、家人对工作的支持程度、聘用形式、是否带教、是否参加过科研等的临床护理人员的创新能力得分比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,对目前工作的满意程度、家人对工作的支持程度、是否参加过科研、工作年限、职称、医院等级、是否带教、月收入等因素对临床护理人员创新能力具有较为重要的影响(P<0.05)。结论贵州省临床护理人员创新能力处于中等水平,还有进一步提升的空间。护理管理者应加强对临床护理人员创新相关知识培训及资源支持,鼓励其积极参与继续教育,从而提高贵州省临床护理人员的创新意愿和能力。     

伤寒论床边教学研究探讨

《伤寒论》是一部理论与实际密切结合的临床专著,是对临床经验的高度总结,学习它的目的之一就是培养学生临床辨证分析的思维方法和能力。本文从《伤寒论》教学效果和床边教学特点出发,重点探讨了开展《伤寒论》床边教学的可行性及必要性。得出,《伤寒论》床边教学存在缺少相关教材和教学设计;床边教学缺乏有力的师资培训,教师队伍良莠不齐;学生的成绩、教师的水平缺乏有效的评价考核方式等问题。希冀能为《伤寒论》教学改革提供相应的思路。     

2018年某院辅助用药重点监控品种使用情况分析

目的 对西安医学院附属宝鸡医院排名前10位的辅助用药重点监控品种的使用情况进行分析，为加强辅助用药的监管和促进临床合理用药提供参考。方法 通过医院信息系统将2018年重点监控药品的科室分布、销售金额、用药频度（DDDs）、日均费用（DDC）和药品排序比（B/A）进行统计分析，并对其使用合理性进行医嘱点评分析。结果 重点监控品种使用科室大多与其科室疾病谱相符。销售金额排序前3位依次为小牛血清去蛋白注射液、丹参川芎嗪注射液和醒脑静注射液；按DDDs排序前3位依次为丹参川芎嗪注射液、小牛血清去蛋白注射液、腺苷钴胺注射液；按DDC排序前3位依次为醒脑静注射液、小牛血清去蛋白注射液、转化糖电解质注射液；鹿瓜多肽注射液、注射用硫辛酸、舒血宁注射液和注射用血栓通的B/A接近1。不合理应用集中表现在适应症不适宜、给药剂量不规范，构成比分别为59.41%、16.01%。结论 西安医学院附属宝鸡医院重点监控药品管理工作初见成效，但仍需采取积极有效的监管措施进一步促进重点监控药品的合理使用。     

急诊科联合病房早期肺康复程序在AECOPD患者中的应用

目的 促进慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）患者肺康复。 方法 按急诊就诊时间将82例AECOPD患者分为对照组40例、观察组42例，两组均予常规治疗及护理，在此基础上对照组行常规肺康复措施；观察组组建多学科肺康复团队、制订和实施为期4周的三阶段肺康复方案。 结果 干预后，观察组患者的肺功能指标、动脉血氧饱和度、上下肢运动耐力评分、日常生活活动能力评分显著高于对照组，焦虑抑郁评分显著低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。 结论 多学科协作下急诊科联合病房早期分阶段肺康复方案可有效改善AECOPD患者肺功能及运动耐力，从而改善患者心身状态。     

优质护理服务在护理临床带教中的效果分析

目的探究在护理临床带教中使用优质护理服务理念的效果。方法随机抽取我院2017年2月—2018年2月40名护生(对照组,应用传统带教模式)及2018年3月—2020年3月40名护生(观察组,应用优质护理服务理念开展临床带教)作为观察对象,对比两组护生考核成绩、综合实习能力(语言沟通能力、分析解决问题能力及应急能力)评分。结果观察组护生护理理论知识、护理技能考核成绩均高于对照组,P<0.05;观察组护生语言沟通能力、分析解决问题能力及应急能力得分较对照组更高,P<0.05。结论在护理临床带教中使用优质护理服务理念更有助于护生掌握护理知识及技能,提升其综合能力,教学效果更佳。